![cohesion flac3d cohesion flac3d](http://docs.itascacg.com/flac3d700/_images/modelph-calibration-2.png)
Based on the analysis of the surrounding rock stress field in the high depth and mining influenced roadway, Ma Nianjie et al. analyzed the stress filed in the lateral side of the mining gob, developing process in the plastic region, and the control of the support resilience on the stress field and the plastic region, combining the method of on-site observation, theoretical analysis, and numerical analysis.
![cohesion flac3d cohesion flac3d](http://docs.itascacg.com/flac3d700/_images/compression-wipp-drucker-slow.png)
Aiming at the problem of uneven and severe subsidence of the roadway roof, Chen et al. analyzed the interaction between the rock dilatation and bolting system and the constrain effect of the bolting system to the rock’s swelling, finding that the anchor bolting system can retard rock expanding and modify surrounding rock pressure effectively. The ground pressure was found to relate to embedding depth, shape, and size of the roadway, rock characteristics of the surrounding rock, and the flexibility of the support system. Chen Shilin argued that the surrounding rock was strong in the bearing capability, while the artificial support system was just a minor role. Man-chu Ronald Yeung found that the long-short mixing bolting system was very important to maintain the stability of supporting system, and a radial pattern bolting was better than vertical-to-rock shape. Salamon proposed an energy-based supporting theory, which argued that the surrounding rock interacted and deformed with the artificial support system in step. With the development of surrounding rock’s stability, researchers and engineers have realized that the surrounding rock plays an important role as a bearing body, which is the key to maintain the roadway’s stability. Some roadways, which are affected by mining activity, have to face more severe problems to maintain the surrounding rock’s stability. With the influence of rock lithology and mechanical characteristics, ground pressure, and engineering condition, most roadways are damaged to deform severely. Researchers and engineers realize that the surrounding rock is the main bearing body, while the support system is the secondary bearing body. In line with the development of bolting technology, the self-bearing capacity has been attracting more and more attention.
![cohesion flac3d cohesion flac3d](https://itasca-int.objects.frb.io/assets/img/site/Soil-cohesion-distribution.png)
The anchor bolt is found to hang rocks or provide support resistance to the roadway surface rock. In the classic study of surrounding rock stability, the self-bearing capacity is usually neglected.